Prejudices in Workplace Essay Example for Free

Prejudices in Workplace Essay Part I Select three of the identity categories below and name or describe at least 3 related stereotypes for each: †¢ Race †¢ Ethnicity †¢ Religion †¢ Gender †¢ Sexual orientation †¢ Age †¢ Disability |Category |Stereotype 1 |Stereotype 2 |Stereotype 3 | |Race | People say black people are lazy. |People say white people are smart |People say Jews are cheap but | | | |and blonds are dumb. |rich. | |Religion |Wiccan Pentacle Study, worship the|Gothic people are very weird and |Muslims are terrorist and women | | |devil. |violent.|are beneath them. | |Sexual Orientation |When someone see a feminine man |When someone sees masculine women |People say homosexuality is wrong | | |and call him gay. |she is a lesbian. |and immoral. | Part II Answer each question in 50 to 100 words related to those stereotypes. Provide citations for all the sources you use. What are the positive aspects of stereotypes, if any? The aspects of positive stereotypes can be positive if a person know the difference and have the knowledge to understand what a person may be stating. If we prefer to someone as a â€Å"jock† we are acknowledging that this person is into sports. A person that is known to be preferred to by â€Å"Gothic† or â€Å"Punk† is because of the type of music they listen to and the type of clothing they wear. Usually no one is offended by this because it is factual and evident and these are positive aspects of stereotypes. What are the negative aspects of stereotypes? The negative aspects of stereotypes are the lack of understanding, the ignorance, and the labeling of someone to hurt their feelings as an individual or a group of people. A person may see a female with a short hair cut like a man and call them a dike without getting to know who that person is and assuming that this is what they are. Part III Answer each question in 50 to 150 words related to those stereotypes. Provide citations for all the sources you use. Define stereotypes and prejudice. What is the difference between stereotyping and prejudice? Use examples to illustrate the differences. Stereotype is something conforming to a fixed or general pattern, a standardized mental picture that is held in common by members of a group and that represents an oversimplified opinions, prejudiced attitude, or uncritical judgment. Prejudice is prejudgment and negative attitude based on sex, race, age, sexual orientation, nationality, socioeconomic status, and religion towards an individual or group of people. The difference between stereotype and prejudice is that stereotype is standardized beliefs about people based on some prior assumptions. Prejudice is a type of judgment or assumption about somebody before having sufficient knowledge to judge with accuracy. Example of stereotype is all policemen eat donuts. Example of prejudice is an organization that hires more males and reject females are known to be prejudice. What is the relationship between stereotyping and prejudice? The relationship between stereotyping and prejudice is that stereotyping promotes prejudice and that prejudice reduction depends on stereotype change. Prejudice also influences the extent of stereotyping. The important theoretical tradition posits that this effect emerges because prejudice encourages the use of stereotypes as a means to justify societal inequality (e.g. , Allport, 1954; Katz Braly, 1933; Lippmann, 1922). What can be done to prevent prejudice from occurring? Intolerance stems from ignorance and arrogance this go hand in hand and people need to understand and have the knowledge not to pre-judge people. In order to prevent prejudice from occurring we need to begin now with the way we are raising our children and teach them not to be judgmental and preconceive people before we get to know someone. Teach them not to assume to not like someone because of the color of their skin or where they come from. People are people no matter what they may look like, getting to know a person is very important and not to judge a book by its cover. Have rallies of all race and culture so people can have a better understanding of others. It starts at home teach your children a better way so that they will understand life in a better perspective. Reference: Voices. yahoo. com/stereotyping, Psychology. about. com, www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary, azam. org.

Women in the Civil War Essay Example for Free

Women in the Civil War Essay In American society during the 19th Century, men and women occupied different realms. Women dealt with private affairs, while men were in charge of public matters. When the Civil War broke out, the rigid distinction between the sexes became flexible. Women changed because the war allowed them to expand their roles to become active in the realm that previously isolated them. From housewives, women became doctors, nurses, and spies. Some even did the extreme; they assumed a masculine appearance to join the army. The concealment of their gender proved to be the downside of the changes in women during the war. They may have had relevant contributions in the war, but it was left unrecognized because of its concealed nature. The Civil War was a defining moment in American history. It was the event which determined the fate of the nation as the American community was divided into two opposing sides. It was also a time of significant social change. The realm of war previously belonged to the men; it was the male soldiers who fought in the battlefields. However, the Civil War altered the situation. The status of women dramatically changed as they became active participants in the war effort. Indeed, the Civil War opened many opportunities for women and allowed them to be active members of society. This research paper aims to discuss how women changed during the American Civil War, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the said changes. In the 19th Century America, men dominated society and women were regarded as inferior to them. Women lived under the authority of the opposite sex, either that of the father, husband or another relative (Massey, 1994). They were confined in the domestic sphere; their main concerns were their home and family. Women had no voice in the political arena because only the men had dealt with public affairs. Not only was it objectionable for women to fulfill men’s jobs, it was also disagreeable for them to wear men’s clothes (Eggleston, 2003). When the Civil War began, the social lines were blurred. Women suddenly were presented the chance to go beyond their realm and participate in the world of men. They were given roles and jobs that were not accessible to them before. Both the Union and the Confederacy allowed women to take part in the war effort. For the first time, the government allowed women to become doctors and nurses (Eggleston, 2003). Women also served as messengers and spies. Meanwhile, there are also those women whose contributions were domestic in nature; these include cooking, as well as mending and sewing uniforms for the soldiers (Eggleston, 2003; Silber, 2005). These activities may have been the same as those women were tasked to do in the past; however, there was a significant change. Before, women only did those jobs due to the necessity in the household. During the war, the women did those jobs due to the necessity of the nation. Their domestic activities were no longer performed for private purposes; they had become part of the public affairs. However, women were not merely passive participants. They were also directly involved in the war effort as soldiers. The battlefield was reserved for males, but the females eventually found themselves fighting the same war. Women became soldiers by concealing their real identities (Eggleston, 2003). There were many reasons why women opted to disguise themselves as male soldiers. There were those who fought in the war to either escape from their betrothal or to be with their loved ones. Some saw the war as an adventure and craved its excitement. There were others who saw fighting for its financial benefits and the opportunity to better provide for their families. Meanwhile, there were women who took part in the Civil War for more noble reasons; they went to war because they were compelled by duty and patriotism (Eggleston, 2003). Women had to resort to extreme measures to appear like male soldiers. There were women who were immediately discharged because the way they acted revealed their real identities (Eggleston, 2003). Meanwhile, there were women who dramatically changed their actions and behavior before enlistment to successfully disguise themselves. They modified the color of their complexion and learned how to chew tobacco. They used vests with pads to conceal their breasts; the pads also made them seem more bulky and masculine (Eggleston, 2003). Having women disguised as men in war had its share of difficulties. The problems arose from the different toilet habits as well as other personal routines (Eggleston, 2003). Nonetheless, the recruitment of young men in the army proved to be advantageous for the female soldiers. The army consisted mostly of boys, who were still shy and reserved around each other. Most of them were hesitant to relieve themselves in the company of other soldiers; to attend their toilet needs, they had to hide in the woods or others areas which offered privacy. The meek nature of young men was beneficial for the female soldiers because it allowed them to seek privacy without appearing unusual. In addition, the young men of the army have not yet started shaving, so it did not appear unusual for the females if they did not shave (Eggleston, 2003). It is remarkable that women have finally reached the public realm during the Civil War, even if they had to pretend as men to do so. However, that kind of participation had disadvantages. Women who had successfully kept their real identities hidden as part of the army suffered all the difficulties which came with war (Eggleston, 2003). Female soldiers were held captive by their opponents, brought to prison camps and killed in the battlefields. There were those who perished and buried without their real identities discovered. Because women soldiers were not supposed to be fighting in the war, their participation in the war was previously not acknowledged. There were even those who denied the direct involvement of women as soldiers (Blanton, n. d. ). The non-recognition of women fighters in the Civil War prevented the discovery of the total number of female soldiers who offered their services. The numbers available on record are merely estimates. This situation posited a real problem, as it undermined and ignored the contributions of women in the battlefield. During the American Civil War, women changed because they went beyond the roles that were initialed assigned to them. The war effort presented them to enter the public realm of men and participate in it. Women had indeed changed during that time, as they progressed from housewives to participants in war. Women even came in disguise to become soldiers. While it is a great thing that women became active members of the community, some of their contributions were not recognized or accurately recorded because of their secret identities. Nonetheless, this does not diminish that fact that women were a significant part of the American Civil War. References Blanton, D. (n. d. ). Women soldiers and nurses of the American civil war. American Civil War Website. Retrieved March 13, 2009, from http://americancivilwar. com/women/index. html Eggleston, L. G. (2003). Women in the Civil War: Extraordinary Stories of Soldiers, Spies, Nurses, Doctors, Crusaders and Others. North Carolina: McFarland. Massey, M. E. (1994). Women in the Civil War. Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press. Siber, N. (2005). Daughters of the Union: Northern Women Fight the Civil War. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.

Policies to Support Care Needs of Children

Policies to Support Care Needs of Children Introduction: Children are the future social vigor of any nation of the rondure as they will footing the leadership of the country. On perspective of the fact, they must be well qualified for captivating the nation to a better one place around the globe. But at present their safety provided by the surroundings environments is a question in mark. Children is not provided with due care by the parents, healthy, safe and secure environments in many countries especially in INDIA, CANADA, and BANGLADESH. The assignment is that children have to face risk and challenges in life but for enabling them to face the risk and challenges, we should provide them with healthy, safe and secure enironments. In this context, and there are many legislations and policies. They sates about the care needs of children, ways of meeting the care needs, working practices which contributes the healthy and safe environments, intitatives and philosophies that influence the environment as well as the ways of encouraging children to take care for themselves. They also inserted about how to safeguard children and promote their welfare. Above all, they should be supported with by different sources to maintain their security and privacy their wishes. Task 1: 1.1 Explain how to use legislation and policies to support work in establishing and maintaining healthy, safe and source environments There are many existing legislation and polices about the environmet.the useful of these laws, legislations and policies cannot be ignored any way in establishing and maintaing healthy, safe and secure environments for the children. The Children Act 1989 states about the safe, secure and healthy environment for children.it states about the safeguarding for the children as well as the promoting their welfare. As far that children from all backgrounds that are vulnerable to harm should be protected. It is also stated about children general way of life should be postponed or changed from the people who harm or threaten or impair it in anyway. For the protection of the children from such people or events, such as abduction, social workers have been employed. These act are sometimes known as child protection officers. Their primary goal is to focus on the safeguarding of children and for many years these workers have also provided additional support to families and family members that feel they are vulnerable. CAFCAS is a social agency which associated in the welfare of children along with deals with courts for finding out the solutions to families’ differences when parents separate. Their goal is reuniting pa rents with their children and also for providing the children with a better way of life. Another feature within this Act where a ‘special guardianship’ law was put enacted that allows children to stay in contact with their birth parents, this feature of the legislation allows for monitoring of relationships between parents and children, the consequence would draw up in a report and regular imposts would carry to check appropriateness of re-introducing the child back with their birth parents on a eternal basis. The shrewdness carry on both the parents who may have had a antiquity of drug or alcohol mistreatment and child who may have become bothersome because of this situation in which they were living in is essential to ensure that a suitable and caring environment can be sustained allowing the child to grow with the love and care in which every child should be accustomed to. The social worker provides the adoptive parents with the support they need to confirm the child’s welfare and education. Appropriateness of a child to viewpoint adoptive parents has a great issue as children, especially those enforced to move, incline to dissident against the authorities’ decision to re-house them. To some new foster parents some of these circumstances can be intolerable and require that the child is disconnected and re-housed elsewhere this. Uncertainty this was to be the incident then i social worker plans to action to resolve the concern, This ‘more information’ policy within the legislation attempts to put an end to events from happening and this legislations states suitable pairing of both adoptive parents and child can only best serve and help the child in the future. 1.2 describe working practices which contributes these environments In this context, we have to prompt that we partake to uphold the healthy, safe and healthy environments for the children.so working practices and strategies should be those that contributes these environments, and minimizes abuse within the health and social care contexts. Following practices and strategies safeguard the environment and helps the children to achieve the creativity and the quality from their childhood. First one, child should go to school. From the school they learn all the basic needs of them. They learn how to behave with others, how to respect, in fact all the manner which is good or bad. Second one, everyone should have a look on the increasing the indoor activities of the children. Parents as well as the other person of the family must be looked what they are doing. They learn through the elders following.so everyone especially the parents should give importance on the physical exercise. This will help the children to keep body fit, fresh and extends the power of the body. Children also learn through playing indoor games such as cricket, football badminton etc. Outdoor activities also must be focused on. They should must be teaches honesty, punctuality from his or her boyhood. Everyone should encouraged them to participate in debating among themselves and in indoor and outdoor games. They must be followed the daily routine with the exercise with the elders. Effective communica tion system should be developed across the surroundings. Care plans about the children should be taken by the family. Take the children any suitable spot where the child get himself enjoyed. Such as historical places. Entertainment sources provided with them by the parents. Protection of Vulnerable children Policy Training. Care plans – Person Centered Care Reflective practice. Children safeguarding policy procedures .each resident is weighed with a care plan for that resident. Their family have the right to be involved in developing a expressive and effective care plan. The nursing sector must work w to develop an individualized, written care plan and must update it at least quarterly and any time one condition changes. Task 2: 2.1 apply knowledge of ways to establish safe environment to the procedures which are necessary for a range of accident. Establishment of safe environment for the children in case of accident is mandatory to any nation of the whole world. Many ways, knowledge and procedures can be applied in this assignment. A safety assessment to determine if the childs instant safety is an apprehension. If it is, CPS improves a safety plan with interferences to make sure the childs protection while keeping the child within the family or with family members (kinship care or subsidized guardianship). A risk assessment to determine if there is a risk of future maltreatment and the level of that risk. A service or case plan, if continuing agency services, is needed to address any effects of child maltreatment and to reduce the risk of future maltreatment. Considers the relationship between the strengths and the risks; identifies what must change in order to: Keep children safe; Reduce the risk of (future) neglect Increase permanency; Enhance child and family well-being. For establishing and maintaining a safe, healthy and secure environment we should provide an environment that is positive, nurturing, and encourages children to develop their own safe and healthy habits. As for preventing and reducing injuries there should have a proper system for reporting all incidents and accidents. As far preventing serious health conditions like obesity and diabetes related to indoor sedentary lifestyles and connects children and families there should introduce the system of nurturing to promote their good health, enjoyment, and environmental stewardship. Should introduce more Unstructured outdoor activities improves the physical and mental health by increasing physical activity. There are the environment or the strategies for reducing stress and serving as a support mechanism for attention disorders. They will learn how to protect their health and the environment. A system of Minimization of abuse within health and social care context. Task 3: 3.1 Evaluate some of the initiatives and philosophies which influence the provision of environments for children. There are many initiatives and philosophies that influences the provision of environments for children. In this context, there are many working force where child labor is not forbidden. There the children are employed and then the education need which included in the five basic needs of a human a lack of. Then they are remain ignoreness.as we know many parents are poor, they think that children spending to education institute is a mirror waste of time.so they should help them in earning income that will help them in maintain the family expense. That the philosophy also have badly effect on the healthy, safe environment for the chidren.In many families the girls are not welcomed. There is a presence of gender disparity. As they are thought by the elders that they should not be higher education, they should be got married earlier. They should keep the best food for their husbands or elders. They should not speak out. In modern society, the food menu they are given is not wellprepared.there is a lack of balanced diet. They are no exersied.they are given the food with sugar. This causes child of obesity.in many family child are not properly care of. That why it preferences in infancy. The industrial policy have a great influence on the healthy and safe environment of the chidren.many industry are incorporated with polluting the enviroment.eventully it causes many fatal diseases to the society specially it bad to the children. 3.2 Issues that relate to effective planning of enabling physical environment As we know physical environment of the children speaks out about the contribution that safe, clean and healthy surroundings make a positive environment where children can learn the life and enjoy their lives as well as formed personality. It includes all indoor and outdoor activities around the children. The more we arrange the indoor and outdoor games for the child, the more the effective planning the physical environment for them. The environment must be one which makes the child on the smiling face. There should be always stay with the child. Not keep them alone for that they don’t feel bore any more that will affect more on their thinking.in the effective planning of the enablement of physical environment there must be existence of participation activities of the children where they will pleased and always have a pleasant and happy movement for them. Education institute –the place they not only study but also participate many outdoor games that improve the physical environment of the children.in which environment their mood will in good or where it will bad this is also the great issue that is mindful for effective planning. Their mental factor is also keep in mind where they mentally good or not. 3.3 Explain how to meet the care needs of children in ways that maintain their security and privacy their wishes’ In this part of meeting the care needs of children and maintaining their security and privacy their wishes, parents and other member of the family contribute a lot. This is dare need of the family whether their children are getting grow up in a healthy environment. They should follow up the fact that their children are developing their own safe and healthy habits. They also take after that they are eating properly or not. Parents should ensure their participation in indoor and outdoor activities. Playing different indoor and outdoor games, playing video games on mobile helps in developing their good habit, good quality, mentally healthy. Entertainment facilities should be provided them with more and more. For making them extrovert should be given emphasis that will help them to develop their their carrier in future. Besides this the practitioner contributes a lot for meeting their dare need by taking care in time of hospital shifting. They also help the family by giving the information how to keep the child safe from dirty and unhealthy environment Also. Inform the family members about the way to preventing childhood diseases that is more harmful for the health. They also provide training courses on the respect of the child. We all including (government, society) should ensure about their education. They must be provided with the education facilities. Education institute is the place which contribute a lot of importance in meeting their care need. Because there they know about their basic need. And how to meet their need. Also learn about their probable problem that will come to their later life and learns how to face them and overcome them. The government along with the educated society should come forward with their helping hand to meet the children care needs that is dare needed to take the country in a better position in future. If they are remain in darkness the nation as a whole the world remains in darkness. There are many welfare organizations and fund who is working for the children. They are giving long term free services to ensure their food need, education need as well as ensuring their healthy, safe and secure environments. Their financial support mainly given for the poor children. On after all the Children Act 1989 should be more exercised and more effective to ensure their needs. Besides various policies should be enacted across the globe in this context. Task 4: 4.1 Importance of encouraging children to care for themselves Encouraging children to care themselves is important for the following respect: for the establishment and maintaining of a safe, healthy and secure environment for providing the children an environment that is positive, nurturing, and encourages them where they can develop their own safe and healthy habits. for preventing and reducing injuries To report all incidents and accidents that occurred To prevent serious health conditions like obesity and diabetes related to indoor sedentary lifestyles and connects children and families to natures to promote their good health, enjoyment, and environmental stewardship. Unstructured outdoor activities improves the physical and mental health by increasing physical activity Reducing stress and serving as a support mechanism for attention disorders. They will learn how to protect their health and the environment. Minimization of abuse within health and social care context. 4.2 Reflect on the impact of meeting the care needs of children on practioners and identify possible sources of support Practioners play a vital role in meeting the care needs of the children. Their task is very important. First of all, they inform the parents about the health of the children. They inform how to take care, parents are informed by them about the childhood diseases, and how to prevent these diseases .at present children take born at hospitals. They are kept some days. Then they take after the child.in that fact that time the practioners keep the children safe and gives tips and advice about the environment where the child should brought up. They play the role of a guide. Preventing childhood accidents and diseases is vital in ensuring all children grow up in a safe and stimulates environment. The practioners play an important part in making that happen.one of the most important things the practioners can do is discuss childhood safety with the parents and careers that he or she work together. Speaking out on a particular issue or educating parents about risk, and that make a real differ ence to child safety and even saves lives to child. Practitioners must consider the developmental needs of the children, the caregivers, and the family as a system in their assessments and intervention strategies. Children whose physical and emotional needs have been neglected often will suffer significant developmental delays. If the caregivers are adolescents, they may have difficulty assuming parental roles and responsibilities. The family system also may be stressed when the family includes caregivers across generations There are many possible sources of support across the globe. Among them, UNICEF plays a vital role in meeting the basic care needs of the children.it runs many several welfare programs across the world for children and for maternity mothers. Many youth council also support in meeting their care needs for children. Child accident prevention trust also helps in this context. They also gives many trust many the children for ensuring good health and safe environment for the child and youth. They basically work about the child and youth. Many children welfare fund and organization also have a major contribution in meeting children dare needs and health seurity of them. Children workforce Development council Department for education National council for voluntary youth services National family and parenting institute National youth agency Princess trust Ministry of the human rights of the country Conclusion: From the study we learn about the children basic needs, meeting the care needs of them, ways of encouraging them to take care for themselves, importance of the fact and keeping child in healthy, safe and secure environment. And for providing healthy and secure environment, the role of family is most important. It is parent’s responsibility to maintain their health and provide an environment where they learn about the behavior, honesty, punctuality which is needed for make the life to a better one. Besides it is the indoor and outdoor activities which creates the personality .according to the role of the practioners, they are the vital part in meeting the children care needs and ensuring their healthy and safe environment. They inform the parents about taking care of their children. The surroundings’ or the society where they are brought up is important for enabling and forming their good and healthy habits. Education institute is important to them because the child lear ns how to respect others, about punctuality, honesty, about the fact or behavior which is good or bad to them. They know about the real life of a human beings. That is the discussion about the taking challenges and facing difficulties and risks in life for making the life in upper and better position. But in many countries or places or regions where the children are engaged in different workplace which is dangerous to their life.in many families as whole they are not getting or meeting their basic needs of their life.The Children Act 1989 states that the safeguards of the children and the promoting of the welfare of the child. Various policies and procedures are enacted to ensure the care needs of their children.

Athens vs. Sparta: Was War Between the Two Inevitable? Essays -- essay

In 480 and the years prior the Athenians and Spartans, banned together to defeat the Persian Army. The Spartans stand at Thermopylae, allowed the Athenians time to prepare, and ultimately allowed the victory. With both of these great city-states located so close together in Hellas, there differences would ultimately lead to dissension. Throughout the course of this paper, I hope to explain the reasoning behind the dissension between Sparta and Athens, made war between these former allies inevitable. Whenever there is an argument or war there is always differences between both parties involved. In order to understand the causes of the Peloponnesian War, we must look at their differences. One of the main differences that the Athenians and the Spartans had was their way of education. Athenian boys were tutored at home until the age of six or seven years old. After seven they were sent to neighborhood schools where they were taught primary education until around the age of fourteen. These neighborhood schools were usually private schools, but the amount of money for tuition was usually affordable enough for the poor to send their children for a few years. During primary school the boys were usually taught calisthenics and how to play certain games. Older boys were taught more militaristic activities such as boxing or wrestling. All ages of Athenian boys read heavily, as well as were taught to sing songs, play instruments, and do mathematics. Athenian boys who could not afford to go to school usually began apprenticeships. No matter what however, at the age of 18 all boys were required to go to military school for two years, after completion of that they were allowed to live however they wanted. Athenian girls were not officially schooled, they were usually taught in the own homes. The purpose of an Athenian education was to train people to be thinkers, people who are well-trained in the arts and sciences (Columbia). The education of the youth establishes a precedent for the differences between the way Spartans and Athenians lead their lives. At age seven, training for the military began for all Spartan boys, they’re forced to leave their homes and go to military schools, where they endure all types of harsh training and discipline. The main lesson was learning to take pride in enduring pain and hardships. During their teenage years they were taught wrestling, ... ...-states that the Athenians were indeed as strong as all would believe, thus the smaller cit-states developed the thought that indeed Athenian attack was inevitable.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When two great and powerful city-states ban together for a common cause the results will in turn will have great expectations. Those expectations were met when an undermanned Greek army defeated the large Persian Army throughout the course of the Persian War. The problem occurs when each of the city-states’ own ego gets in the way of the cause. They handily defeated the Persians, but the Athenians took the credit for it, and paid homage to themselves, through elaborate celebrations of victory. In their minds, they were at the head of Hellas. The Spartans took exception to this and rightfully so. The credit has to go to them as well, for the large part that they played in the victory over Persia. This dissension in the end had a lot to do with the Peloponnesian War. Never mind the military structures and governments that each set up, which made their differences clear cut. There was no way to avoid the war between these two great powers, it was inevitable, j ust as Thucydides had predicted.

Essays --

A.Plan of Investigation This study will seek to answer the question â€Å"How did the Treaty of Versailles during WW1 contribute to further conflict in the middle east?† I chose this topic because since my dad is in the air force he deals with the Middle East on multiple occasions. I thought it would be interesting to study this to see what could have been the cause of the crisis we see today. We could learn ways to handle the Middle East better by basing plans off what we know from WW1. In order to answer this question I have used the following methods of researching in peace settlement books and novels that talk specifically about the treaty of Versailles effect during WW1. I also did some research on some online articles. In order to study this topic I used the following sources; A Piece to End All Piece written by David Fromkin, and Kingmakers, The invention of the Modern Middle East written by Karl E. Meyer and Shareen Blair Brysac. B. Summary of Evidence The treaty of Versailles was singed on June 28, 1919 . The main terms of this treaty were, Germany had to accept the Blame for starting the war, Germany had to pay  £6,600 million for the damage done during the war called reparations, Germany was forbidden to have submarines or an air force, her navy could only have six battle ships and an Army of just 100,000 men, and Germany was not allowed to place any troops in the Rhineland . Britain and France acquired Germany’s colonies. The conflicts in the Middle East started around the year 1914, the same year as World War 1 . World War 1 was always referred too as "the war to end all wars." The Treaty of Versailles decreased all power in the Middle East because the defeat of the Central Powers including Turkey which w... ... do not have much control over themselves anymore. The property loss and the displacement of their people was such a significant number that the mixing of people, and lack of populations created conflicts between the Middle Eastern countries . Tribes that were made in these territories started to fight over power and ruling of the land, and other conflicts arose from those. Such conflicts are still seen today relating to ideas like these. When the Treaty of Versailles was made, its points were not directed for the Middle East, but were for Germany . The idea that it would have such an effect on the Middle East, and would cause such conflict was not foreseen since it is considered to be such a small and a non-powerful area. But nevertheless, the Treaty of Versailles has played a large impact in the conflicts of the Middle East after World war One.

The History of Computers :: Technology Essays

The History of Computers In 1964, no one, with the exception of those with-in the field of study, had ever heard of a computer. Now, only forty years later, almost every home in America is equipped with at least one computer. A computer is defined as a device that accepts information, in the form of digital data, and manipulates it for some result based on a program on how data is to be processed. The first computer was not as fast or efficient as the computers used today, however they are all based on the first model. â€Å"Since the invention of numbers, humanity has tried to make instruments to help in performing calculations† (Moreau 4). Before 3000 B.C. there were tablets used for calculating. The Ancient Chinese used a bead frame for counting. Although rather innovative, neither of these calculating devices was automatic. In the early 19th century, a British astronomer and mathematician had an idea that would change the history of computing forever. His name was Charles Babbage and he described a machine that would have the ability to do a variety of calculations. Because the mechanical-engineering technology of that time period was not reliable or fast enough, he was unable to produce his dream. Babbage’s idea was based on the mathematical insights of George Boole, who first stated the principles of logic used in today’s digital computers (Computer 1). Also, Ada Lovelace, Babbage’s assistant, is known as the first programmer because she introduc ed program loops and subroutines. The development of electronics led to the first computers. Once electromechanical technology entered the world, calculators began being produced. The first electronic calculator was built by IBM. This is known as the IBM 603, which was created by Byron E. Phelps. Building upon this model, steps were taken towards the first computer. â€Å"The IBM Selective Sequence-Controlled Electronic Calculator (SSEC) was created between the years 1945 and 1948 by a group led by Frank Hamilton, one of the engineers who worked on the building of the Harvard-IBM machine† (Moreau 39). Disregarding calculators, the first real useable computer began with the vacuum tube.

Women’s right movement

As the time past, and more women are educated, they started to think about the equal rights. Women's status are always lower than men's status. They did not want to be in this kind of situation any more. Therefore the feminist movement started in the 19th century. The movement began in Europe and America. This is a major turning point in women history, because at this time the idea of liberty and equality just germinated. At this time, women finally challenged the idea that they must always please men. And because of this idea, men always think they are better than women.At the time, women even became the property of men. Men can even abuse women if they wanted to. Of course, it was impossible for women to have any rights. At that time, women always suffered from all those stresses. The situation do not only occurred in the family, but also in the entire society. For example if a woman has the same ability as a man, she would get less payment than a man and for no reason. Sometimes i f a man and a woman goes to an interview at the same time, the employ will consider the man first. This is a kind of discrimination against women. That is unfair to the women.In families women always give up their career for husbands and kids and they would take care of them. But men do not sacrifice anything. Without income, some women were looked down by their husbands. Without economic support, women are very frail. Therefore women need to be protected by men. However, men mostly control the society: therefore, it is unfavorable for women to compete with men in this kind of situation. Finally the succeed of the feminist movement established the bright further of women. As a mature and prosperous society women should have exactly same rights as men.! In the present society, citizens have many rights.Such as the right to vote, suffrage right, property right, guardianship, citizenship and so on. These rights ensure our lives' quality. As citizens own these rights they can have many benefits from those rights. They can be protected by the law and the country. But long time ago women did not have any right. Generally women are much weaker than men no matter from mental or physical. Under the men's control if they did not get any protection they will be so vulnerable. They did not have any power to revolt. In old China women had no rights , and people believed men are better than women. Therefore they rather have boy than girl.Sometimes if they had a girl they Just kill her or throw her away. At that time, they had to suffer from foot-binding in order to marry a good man. Old China allow one husband have more than one wife, and they treat their wives like slaves. Those things reflected the women's situation at that time. They can not even chose what kind of life they were going to live. Because men chose them and those women's future were in men's hands. As females, we are so lucky that we are born in this time.! In the past women even did not have citizenship. T hey were belongings to their husbands Juts like items.Some of the women were forced to stay at home for their whole life. They can not go outside. Husbands could asked their wives to do work, but instead husbands would get payment. Women were treated like animals without any humanity. Because they do not consider female as a person. That was so horrible. There is a doggerel in Chinese, the basic meaning is † A husband's wife is his donkey, you can beat her and ride on her. † Not only husband can do this to his wife. If the fife give birth to a girl, the husband's parents would not be happy and they can get rid of her if they want to.Women do not have any status in ancient China at all. Of course they would not be considered as a citizen, even a part of the society. To be a citizen the most basic rights are the right to vote, the right to be elected and the right of personal liberty. But at that time they were Just like slaves. To have any rights was like a dream which wo uld never come true for them. Especially for those vulnerable groups without security they Just like a clam without shell. That is why those women get so hard to gain their proper rights. They learn to become powerful, to become stronger, learn how to be independent. We must remember that men and women are spiritual equals† (Galatians 3: 26-29) â€Å"God is no respecter of persons. † (Acts 10: 34-35) He does not play favorites. Faithful women mean Just as much to God as faithful men. (Women's rights and responsibilities) Now, as the Feminist Movement succeed, more and more women get educated. This made the gap between men and women getting smaller. Now the equality between the sexes became a reality. ! ! Finally in 1918 women got one of the most important rights eight to vote. But it was limited only for women above 30. In 1928 it changed into women above 21 get the right to vote. A Brief History of Women's Rights Movements) † This was the very first time for wome n to vote. The event established the succeed of feminist movement in the history of women. In 1946 the United Nations established a Commission on the status of Women. † (wisped) It covered gender equality and the empowerment of women. For such a long time women had been under controlled by men, but now they are free. They really became independent by themselves not only physically, but also mentally. Because they have their own rights now.! ! Later women became legal citizens. They owned citizenship and many other rights.Also they could go outside and work. Two of the most important rights are property right and guardianship. Which means women can have their own property. Also when a couple divorce the woman can have the guardianship to the children as well. These rights make women became more strong, they can be independent without men and have a good life. It is very important for women to have a economy support. If they do not have money, they can not live by themselves. Th at is why men did not allow women go out to work. Because if they got money, men can not control women any more.That is why it is so important for women to have her own Job. As citizens women can participate in this society and be considered as a part of the society. They are no longer an unimportant role. They became valuable, these made males know they need to treasure them. Otherwise women became powerful enough to protect themselves. Males no longer can hurt females. Also there are laws sets for females' benefits. Now they can use them to protect themselves from men's abuse, to like in the old times they have no choice but suffer the rest of her life or commit suicide.! As a citizen, when we own rights at the same time we also own responsibilities to this society. No matter the legal responsibilities or the responsibilities to our families. Those are the things we have to fulfill. Sometimes women have more things to worry about than men. Because men always busy on his work, only focus all his attention on how to make money. Men always think they are too busy to think about other things, therefore women have to take care of their home. However, women also need to work. Which means they have to work and take care of home at the same time.They need to worry about those fussy housework, their children's lives, their parents, cook meals and a lot of other things. But men also have responsibilities to the home, not only about the economic support but they also need to care about the home with love. A good example is children. Almost each family has at least one child. In China there is a investigation and statistics result about the time father spent with child and the time mother spent with child. Everyday a father spent less than an hour with children. More than 0% fathers says they are too busy with their work.About 20% fathers do not realize the importance to spend time with their children. ( ) It is very important for a father to be a good example for a chi ld, but they think their Jobs are more important than their children. Men give up their responsibilities for the family because their Jobs, and give it all to women. Therefore women have take all the responsibilities. But that is a little bit unfair for women because man and woman share a family. If there is any rights or responsibilities they should share instead of push all of them to one of the person.! There are some other responsibilities for women in other ways.In the bible wives are required to respect husband, honor your father and your mother, bring up children. Women are responsible to a lot of things. Therefore they need to work much more harder. Because they love their children so much that they need to spend so much vigor on children, but men always careless and do not care much as women, they would have less things to care about than women. ! Sometimes husband has some trouble during work, as wife she has responsibility to share weal and woe with him. If the husband lo se his Job or broke, he wife has to stand out and keep the family.That makes women have to take those responsibilities men did not take but they should take. This is a little bit unfair but that is the reality. ! Women are also has responsibilities in God. In the church women were used as prophets. † This was a public capacity which had been foretold † (Acts 2:16-18). In 1 Corinthians 12:28, prophets were listed second among the gifts. According 1 Corinthians 11: 51 † This was a very important position and women worked at it. † Women are concerned by God more in the ancient time. Because nobody would listen to women's witness.But when Jesus die and came back to life again. Some women went to his grave to see him. God let those women to spread the message out. That was such an important message. God let the women to told others instead of men. This reflected that God considers men and women as the same. And women also used as teachers. Len John 4:28-29, 39, a women taught men who did not know about Jesus Christ. If they could do it then, they can do it now. Women have the right to learn (1 Timothy 2:11). John 4:9-15 shows us that the Samaritan woman was asking Jesus directly and not one of her five husbands.In the community, women can work.. In Acts 9:36-39, Dorsa made them tunics and worked for the people around her. The picture of a worthy women in Proverbs 31 :12-20, 24 demonstrates that a woman can work! Women can work but they must choose the correct priorities. They will answer to God for what they have chosen Just like men will have to answer to God if they have chosen their careers over the well-being of their family (Proverbs 31:21-23, 28-29). ! ! Women also have the responsibility of loyalty to her husband. Men should not cheated on his wife, also women should not cheated on his husband also.If they cited to live as a family, they have the responsibility to each other and their children. As a women it is not responsible and imm orality if she decided to abortion. Because that is murdering. Every baby comes from God's blessing, God does not give anybody any right to take other people's life, even it is her own child's life. Once a woman has physical relationship with a man, she and he both have the responsibility to the baby if they had one. ! In conclusion the personality, life. Status between men and women are equally, no matter men or women. We should not have a sense of discrimination that women re lower than men.We should abandon the old idea about women, such as women belongs to men, women should not go outside to work, women should do all the housework at home and take care of the whole family, women were considered as slaves and so on. The As the time past, women's status is rising. In a modern society, women are same as men in mentally. Everybody soul is equal in God's eyes. Nobody is special. Therefore under this situation, men and women should have same rights and responsibilities to the country. Rights and responsibilities are coexisting. Everybody has to fulfill their own responsibilities.They cannot only have rights but do not take the responsibilities. And responsibilities and obligation are respectively. Under these situation the whole society will be prosperous. People will have happy lives. The country will run normally. Everybody would welling to contribute to the society. The country would be prosperous. This is good for the country and good for the people. If women and men all have same status, these will not cause family conflicts. Children will have a healthy circumstance for them to grow up and they will have a correct value. All of these came from the equal rights.There are so many advantages to have equal rights. Therefore no matter what rights men have, women should have as well. A mature society is a mixture. It can not only has men in it, or it can not only has women in it either. Men and women can not live without each other. Because God created us in thi s way, women is a part of men and men is a part of women. It is same for a couple. In a family, women and men are sharing the same family. Under this situation, they should communicate with each other rather than one control the other. Therefore we should have a sense of men and women are equal at all aspects.